Biblical Similarities in Hawthorne’s “Rappaccini’s Daughter” Essay

Biblical Similarities in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Rappaccini’s DaughterIn Nathanial Hawthorne’s â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter,† many biblical parallels can be found. This short story duplicates the first three chapters of Genesis in the Bible. The similarities range from the characters, to the setting, and even to the deadly plant in the story. The account of Adam and Eve in Genesis chapters 1-3 is extremely similar to the situation of Giovanni and Beatrice in â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter†. In both â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter† and the Genesis chapters in the Bible, lush, beautiful gardens are the setting. Both gardens are exotic and pretty, but the Garden of Eden is bright and tropical, whereas Dr. Rappaccini’s garden is dark and mysterious. Both gardens are home to a type of â€Å"forbidden† plant, but the Garden of Eden was created by God, whereas the garden in the story is created by a man with a god complex, Dr. Rappaccini. The forbidden plant in Genesis is a gorgeous fruit tree. The tree in the Garden of Eden is called the Tree of Knowledge and was extremely tempting to Adam and Eve. However, the tree was deemed prohibited by God. The plant in Rappaccini’s garden is a large flowering bush. The flowers on this bush are unlike any others and are extremely exquisite. The two plants share the trait of â€Å"forbidden,† but in different ways. The fruit on the tree in Genesis was forbidden because God said so. The plant in Rappaccini’s garden was forbidden because it was poisonous. The only person immune to the poison of this plant was Beatrice, then soon Giovanni. In Hawthorne’s story, a parallel between Giovanni and Adam is established. Both are young men, and each were tempted by a beautiful young woman. Giovanni in Hawthorne’s story was lured into the garden by Beatrice’s beauty. Adam was lured by Eve’s beauty to betray God. Beatrice and Eve also share similarities. They both are beautiful and young and are naà ¯ve to the evils of the world they live in. The serpent in â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter† is clearly represented by Dr. Rappaccini and Professor Pietro Baglioni. Dr. Rappaccini is responsible for luring Giovanni into the garden for his daughter, and also for exposing him to the toxin that led to him becoming like Beatrice, poisonous and stuck in the garden. Professor Pietro Baglioni is responsible for giving Giovanni the silver vial with the supposed antidote for the poisons. When Giovanni gives Beatrice the vial she then dies because the poison is too entwined with her body. Sadly, she was not given a second chance like Adam and Eve. The story of â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter† is an extremely enjoyable story with close biblical ties. The parallels are extremely apparent and also very important. What seems to be a story simply of fatal love is quite possibly a retelling of the opening chapter of Genesis in the Bible.

Higher education Essay

The percentage of young adults learning in institutions of higher education in both Wales and England has dramatically increased over the years. In fact, comparing the 2004/05 figures to those of the 1960s, this percentage has increased by almost seven times. The increase in the number of young people pursuing higher education has been simulated in several parts of the world. For instance, in Australia, students’ population enrolling in institutions of higher education has significantly increased by more than fifty percent between the years 1996 and 2005. although there are several factors influencing the increase in the number of young people opting to pursue higher education, the main factor that has been attributed to the increasing figures is the relationship between future careers of the young people and the degrees being studied at the colleges (Brooks, Rachel and Glyn Everett, para 2). Significance of degree to one’s career It is generally acknowledged that most of the world’s economies in particular the western ones, are increasingly becoming based more on communication, information and knowledge and not on other factors such as physical production. This has indeed led to the coining of the knowledge economy term. If nations are to participate effectively in the world’s economy that is largely driven by knowledge, they have to continuously develop a workforce that is highly educated. Such a workforce is in fact perceived as a crucial component for prosperity in the future. As a result corporations have over the years placed more emphasis on hiring people with the right knowledge and information. A great percentage of such skills are obtained from the institutions of higher learning. Since the virtually all the young adults are seeking to be employed in these organizations in future, they have no alternative but to seek higher education (Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 4). The workplace of the modern world is also increasingly becoming subject to several changes. On the part of the labour force, this basically means higher propensity of making many turns in one’s career as well as making many career adjustments. In virtually all professions, it is generally anticipated that the job’s nature will undergo major changes. In order to fight effectively for various employment opportunities in a labour market that is highly dynamic, graduates have to be well equipped with flexibility, skills, adaptability, intellect and knowledge. Lasting learning skills have become very significant in careers because graduates of the current century do not anticipate for careers or jobs which are static. These competencies responsible for determining one’s ability to pursue a career in the 21st century are mainly obtained from the institutions of higher learning, therefore explaining the importance of the degrees in one’s future career opportunities (Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 4). In most cases, the first degree is the minimum level of qualification needed for someone to get into a good employment and career. Even though some of the major requirements of several careers are not offered by the institutions of higher learning, it is difficult for an individual to get into an organisation and serve in a certain position without the basic academic requirement, the first degree. Depending on the organisation, the young graduates are then expected to learn certain competencies within the organisation that will assist them working productively in the organisation. All the competencies acquired due to working in a certain organisation are only expected to add weight to the knowledge and skills possessed by the employee because of having acquired a degree from the institutions of higher learning (Brooks, Rachel and Glyn Everett, para 10). The growth in part time and temporal forms of employment among young graduates can be well explained by behavioural alterations and not any structural shifts in either demand or supply. These forms of jobs may be brought about by certain deliberate graduates’ choices. Such options arise either because such jobs are perceived to be suitable investment opportunities or due to the fact that they represent increased levels of flexibility and freedom to the young graduates. Therefore, what may be viewed as a trap of career for the low level employees is capable of presenting something quite different for the graduates who are more educated. Pursuing higher education is thus perceived by the young people as a great chance of having a successful and a fulfilling career in a high ranking organisation. The young people also perceive acquiring degrees as a great opportunity of having careers that are flexible and well paying. Higher education is therefore very important while struggling to work in a certain field. Without, this form of education, it is almost impossible for the young people to convince employers that they are capable of working productively in their organisations (Brooks, Rachel and Glyn Everett, para 16). Higher education with the United Kingdom and other places across the world has an increasing responsibility inclined towards prospects of employment for the graduates, as this class of individuals start acting as customers. Due to the high costs incurred by students as well as their families in acquiring higher education, students seek pursuing courses that will eventually lead them to high paying careers. One’s career has a great significance on an individual’s social status. Most of the careers bringing such effects can only be acquired through studying certain courses in institutions of higher learning. There is therefore a great connection between the degrees students are pursuing at the universities and the careers they will pursue later in life (Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 6). In several governments such as that of United Kingdom, there is significant emphasis on creation of employment opportunities based on priorities of higher education qualifications. Institutions of higher learning are expected to improve, monitor and evaluate their guidance, careers, education and information in ways indicating high performance and quality. In fact, in UK, starting from the year 2000, these institutions are required to provide data concerning employment of the students who have recently graduated from such institutions. Such data is then used in monitoring the relevance of the degrees offered in these institutions and the qualifications needed by the labour market. This is due to the fact that it is expected that once the students pursue higher education, they should be absorbed by the labour market because they have the right qualifications. Therefore, if this is not the case, it is deemed that these institutions are not playing their role effectively (Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 8). According to the study that was carried out by Gedye, Sharon, Elizabeth Fender and Brian Chalkley, para 20, in which they sought to know why most graduates and undergraduates seek higher learning, it is evident that they have career as the main driving force. Most of the graduate and undergraduate respondents who were interviewed by these researchers said that they pursue their degrees in order to improve their career and job prospects. According to these students, employers look for young graduates who have pursued certain degrees in institutions of higher learning and thus they have to obtain the minimum academic requirements from these institutions in order to secure a good job or career in future. Degrees are therefore very important for students as they seek for ways of improving their careers in future. The students are aware that most of the competencies and skills searched by employers cannot be obtained through the formal education. However, they know that the skills and competencies obtained from the institutions of higher learning provide a sound base upon which the skills and competencies needed by employers can be developed. Conclusion Higher education remains the single most significant component of career improvement. It is for this reason enrolment of young people into these institutions has increased considerably over the years. Higher education provides students with the needed skills and competencies of pursuing their dream careers. The modern workplaces demand employees to be highly competent, productive and dynamic. These are skills that are much emphasised in the institutions of higher education. As a result, employers have a very high propensity of employing graduates as opposed to hiring individuals who have not attained the minimum basic requirements for good employment opportunities. The nature of today’s job opportunities is highly flexible and dynamic, since most graduates posses these abilities, they are able to fit well in today’s workplaces.

Arguments Against The Flu Vaccine

Every fall season we hear the question; did you get your flu shot yet? It is supposed to protect you from that nasty flu virus that circulates our communities during the fall and winter months. But, did you know that in 2011 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Adverse Event Reporting Systems Website (AERS) reported 51 deaths caused by the flu vaccine in the United States (U. S. ) (CDC,2012).According to National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC), as of July 2012 there have been more than 84,000 reports of adverse reactions, 1000 vaccine related deaths and over 1600 cases of Guillain- Barre syndrome, a acute form of paralysis, triggered by the vaccine (NVIC. ORG). A problem exists in the fact that according to the ( NVIC) fewer than 1% of all adverse vaccine reactions are ever reported, this fact is substantiated by the problem of â€Å"underreporting† vaccine injuries according to the joint operated site by the CDC and Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) (VAERS, 2011).Resear ch claims that receiving the flu vaccine exposes people to a number of dangerous chemicals that have been known to cause multiple side effects, disease conditions, and deaths. The U. S. Government’s public health agency, the CDC, pledges â€Å"to base all public health decisions on the highest quality scientific data openly and objectively derived† (Doshi, 2013, Marketing vaccines, Para 1). Peter Doshi, a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University School of medicine, argues that in the case of influenza vaccines and their marketing this is not the case.He believes that the vaccine might be less beneficial and less safe than has been claimed and the threat of influenza appears overstated. Doshi goes on to further question the CDC’s recommendation that the influenza vaccine can only do good, pointing to serious reactions to influenza vaccines in Australia, Finland and Sweden. (British Medical Journal, 2013) Every year scientists travel to Asia and have to gue ss which specific viruses are active and circulating that season and have to chose 3 strains of flu out of the 300+ known documented strains of influenza (flu) viruses.These 3 viruses are then attenuated or weakened and added to the mix of a number of other ingredients, which we will review, to make a flu vaccine. The ingredients listed in influenza vaccines are available in the inserts provided by the vaccine manufacturers and also posted on the CDC’s vaccine Pinkbook website. A few of the ingredients include Thimerosol, 2 Phenoxyethanol, Aluminum, Beta Propiolactone, Ammonium Sulfate, Formaldehyde, Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), Gentamycin Sulfate, Polymixin B and more. The ingredient Thimerosol is used as a preservative in the vaccine.It is 49. 6% mercury by weight and is a powerful neurotoxin. It has been implicated in many heath conditions such as cardiovascular collapse, autism, seizures, mental retardation, hyperactivity, dyslexia and many other central nervous system (CN S) disorders. ( CDC, Pinkbook). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) says it best: â€Å"Mercury in all of its forms is toxic to the fetus and children and efforts should be made to reduce exposure to the extent possible to pregnant women and children as well as the general population† (AAP.Pediatrics- para 8, 2001). 2 Phenoxyethanol is an anti bacterial agent being used as a replacement for the preservative Thimerosal. This industrial ingredient is used in perfumes, insect repellents, antiseptics, germicides and dyes. According to the Material safety data sheet( MSDS) 2 Phenoxyethanol is harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed thru the skin. It may cause reproductive defects. EPA data sheets show chromosomal changes and genetic mutation effects in testing (Dunkin, 2008). Aluminum is added to vaccines in many forms.It works as an adjuvant to stimulate your immune system’s response to the virus in the vaccine. Aluminum has been found to be a dangerous neurotoxin t hat has the ability to slip past the blood brain barrier (BBB) causing brain damage, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Lou Gehrig’s Disease (ALS), convulsions and coma. Human and animal studies have shown that Aluminum can cause nerve death (Mercola, 2011) Beta Propiolactone is an ingredient to assist with sterilizing the vaccine. It ranks high as a hazardous chemical on at least 5 federal regulatory lists.It has caused lymphomas and hepatomas after being injected into lab mice but its true effects on humans is not known. Due to animal study results the international Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified beta-Propiolactone as a possible carcinogen. MSDS sheet states toxic to liver and kidneys (Spectrum Laboratory Products). Ammonium Sulfate is a substance added to pesticides. It is unknown at this time as a carcinogen but it’s been suspected in gastrointestinal, liver, central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory system tox icity.On its MSDS sheet all hazards identification on carcinogen, mutatagenic (cellular mutations), teratogenic (fetal development) and developmental toxicity are listed as â€Å"not available†. (ScienceLab, MSDS) Formaldehyde is used as a preservative to stabilize the vaccine. It is used as a chemical to embalm dead bodies and preserve laboratory specimens. It has been classified as a known human carcinogen (cancer causing substance) and has been ranked as one of the most hazardous compounds on at least 8 federal regulatory lists.Formaldehyde is suspected of weakening the immune system and causing neurological system damage, genetic damage, metabolic acidosis, circulatory shock, respiratory failure, and acute renal failure (ARF) (Kendon, MSDS. 2004). Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is used in vaccines as a stabilizer to prevent the vaccine from breaking down. MSG is also found in processed foods. MSG has been linked to mental retardation, autistic disorders, learning disorders, b ehavioral disorders, reproductive disorders, retinal damage and lesions on the brains of lab animals (Hoernlein,2012).Gentamycin Sulfate is an antibiotic added to protect the vaccine from bacteria during storage. Gentamycin sulfate has been linked to deafness, nervous system disorders, and kidney damage (Sciencelab. MSDS). Polymixin B, an antibiotic that is added to protect the vaccine from gram negative bacteria during storage, has side effects that include: targeting the central nervous system (neurotoxic) and causing kidney failure from acute tubular necrosis (Luther,2013).Any one of the above ingredients can have negative effects on the human body especially the very young , very old, pregnant, and the immunocompromised population. But the effects of all of these ingredients in one vaccine, that’s certainly toxic and at times can be lethal. A normal response to an influenza vaccine is localized redness, soreness, fatigue, mild fever, malaise for 1-3 days following a flu s hot. Consider these adverse reactions listed by MClawers, a vaccine injury law firm.Death Encephalopathy Brachial Neuritis Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Thromboctyopenic Purpura Multiple Sclerosis Transverse Myelitis Reflective Sympathetic Disorder Autoimmune Hepatitis Trigeminal Neuralgia Connective Tissue Disorders Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) Anaphylaxis Encephalitis Seizures Arthritis Intussusception Guillain-Barre syndrome Complex Regional Pain syndrome Tourettes syndrome Lupus Wegener’s Granulomatosis Kawasaki Disease (Mctlawyers, vaccine injury)The numbers of injuries resulting from the these vaccines were so undeniable that in October, 1988 Congress created the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, creating the National Vaccine Compensation Program(VICP). The VICP is a no fault alternative to the traditional tort system for resolving vaccine injury claims and provides compensation to people found to be injured by certain vaccines (all Influenza vaccines are cove red). Every vaccine is taxed and the monies go into a compensation fund that is managed by US Court of Federal Claim, complete with vaccine courts, vaccine judges and attorneys who specialize in vaccine cases only. Monies are awarded to patients/families who have suffered from vaccine related injuries or deaths.In 2011, 200 million dollars were paid out in compensation for vaccine injuries. In 2012, there was 300 billion dollars available in the vaccine injury compensation trust fund. Overwhelming evidence of the numbers of people hurt by the toxic ingredients in the influenza vaccines and the incidence of adverse reactions, permanent injuries and deaths due to the toxic ingredients in the influenza vaccines continue to climb. Research has well documented these injuries and exposed the cause and effect of hazardous chemicals on our human population. A little knowledge can be frightening, meanwhile a lack of knowledge can be lethal. Be informed.

The redistribution of wealth in US Military Spending Research Paper

The redistribution of wealth in US Military Spending - Research Paper Example In addition to investing in sectors such as education, health, food etc, the government also spends a fortune on funding military services, which are highly important because the overall safety of the country and its citizens rests within the hands of the military personnel. However, the present scenario puts forth a dilemma to the US government, that is, whether to decrease military spending and undertake consecutive risks involved or increase military spending and contribute further to the decline of the economy as well as the deteriorating standard of living of its citizens. Since sectors such as education and health are more productive in promoting personal development among citizens, thus in turn boosting the economy and resulting in further development of the country through lesser inequality in wealth distribution, it becomes clear that the US government should cut back its military spending and invest the wealth of the country in these productive sectors. It is a fact that th e military of any nation is responsible for protecting the citizens as well as the country from both internal and external threats. Thus, it is acknowledged that the country deploys a large number of personnel for military requirements in terms of air force, navy force as well as ground force. Moreover, in the same context, the government of the country makes huge investments in order to support various military operations, provide exceptional training to the troops, fund different endeavours that come under its programs etc. However, despite the fact that it is an absolute necessity to provide for the country’s security and the citizen’s safety, there is indeed a thing such as overspending for military, especially in the case of developed countries like the United States. Contrary to the government’s view of still supporting military expenditure in the present milieu, the American citizens have expressed in a recent nationwide survey conducted by the ‘Cen ter for Public Integrity’ that in order for the country to revive from the current deficit, the government needs to â€Å"cut the defense budget deeply† (Smith, 2012, p. 1). It is due to conspicuous wastage of the nation’s wealth through military, that the government is unable to fully contribute towards economic growth, as well as fulfil the very purpose for which it was established- safeguarding the interests of the citizens and ensuring the welfare of human beings. Furthermore, if the government funded more money for sectors dealing with aspects like education, healthcare, employment, food etc, the country could actually make a difference in its wealth distribution and gradually bridge the gap between the rich and poor sections of society. Thus, it becomes clear that the American government should focus on productive sectors rather than military and simultaneously it should decrease its military expenditure in order to redistribute wealth in the US in a more ideal way. The primary responsibility of the government should be to provide the citizens of the country with basic amenities such as food and shelter. However, the US government is intent on according the highest priority to military warfare as was revealed by its expenditure of â€Å"$737 billion on military defense†

Long-Term Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Long-Term Care - Essay Example s go through all the available information about the medical problem in question, including the treatment options and the consequences, and then consider how these fit with the patient’s preferences for health states and health outcomes (Hibbard, 2003). A study by â€Å"McKinsey & Company† found that employees were more likely to change their behavior and shop for treatment alternatives, but they were frustrated by the lack of information available to help them make these decisions (Agrawal, Ehrbeck, Packard & Mango, 2005). Patients would communicate with others who are experiencing the same condition through online chat rooms and support groups. They may want information about a physician’s bedside manner. Subjectivity is important in health care, as it is in most other intimate personal relationships (Agrawal, Ehrbeck, Packard & Mango, 2005). The growing demand and the desire for more choices have fueled an increase in competition within the field of long-term care, which has created a need for more efficiency and effectiveness. Providers have been forced to enter into the world of public relations, marketing and business, which led to generating a whole industry specialized in health care. It has, at the educational level, led to development of graduate programs in business but with specialty in health administration. All this development happened with the purpose of creating more efficient professionals who could deal with current trends in health care and stay one step ahead in competition (Study Notes, n.d., pp. 1-2). Consumers’ involvement in their care has created a transcendental effect at many levels and it will continue to impact the health care industry. The trend started with the baby boomers (those born from 1946 to 1964) lifting the expectations and putting considerable pressure on those who provide the services (Study Notes, n.d., p. 2). The demand for services will continue rather than drop off not only because the baby boomers are creating

EQUITY AND TRUST Critically examine the contribution made by the trust Essay

EQUITY AND TRUST Critically examine the contribution made by the trust to the following area of law Unauthorised profits made by a fiduciary - Essay Example This is a right in property that is held in a fiduciary relationship by one party for the benefit of another. The person or the organization who/that holds the title to the trust property is trustee and the person who receives benefits is the beneficiary. The creation of trusts is generally a conjunction with a will and other elements of estate planning. There is a frame work for the validity and limitations of a trust. There is a code that governs the affairs of the estates of deceased owners and intestate properties. This even determines the place, the intestate properties have to go thus enabling the importance of trusts and making the limitations as guidelines. 2 The concept of trust is widely used in charity purposes. According to Charity Act 2006 in UK, the charity organization is the one that is established for charitable purposes or the one which falls to be subject to the control of the high court in the exercise of jurisdiction with respect to charities. 3 According to public benefit test of the charities act 2006The concept of trust involves public benefit also. The charitable organisations need to be delivering public benefits. This should be according to the guidance of charity commission for England and persuaded by them. The public benefit nature of the trusts may result in the unauthorised benefits or profits for the fiduciary. 4 4. Fiduciary Duty Fiduciary duty contains obligations regarding loyalty and faithfulness. The execution of duties regarding loyalty and faithfulness may result in accruing unauthorised profits for fiduciary. As there is a chance of making unauthorised profit from the property, the fiduciary should be in a position to avoid potential conflict. To avoid unauthorised profits, the fiduciary duty should restrain unconscious abuse of legal power and position. This is due to the fact that the profits accrued by fiduciary by exploiting the legal power and position will erode the benefits of the beneficiaries. This concept makes a rule of public policy necessary that can be strictly applied against trustees to encourage good behaviour in them. According to James LJ in the case Parker v Mc Kenna in 1874 the strict enforcement of exemplary fiduciary propriety is required for the safety of mankind. 4.1 Commercial Use of Property: The commercial use of property by a fiduciary can be seen in large organisations and public companies. The companies that do business and mobilise capital from public come under fiduciary for the funds gathered from the public. The governance issue will be entwined in the commercial fiduciary. As the virtues regarding social welfare are minimised there is a chance of unauthorised profits for the commercial fiduciary in the absence of transparency and strict guidelines about the usage of property. Some experts opine that the shareholder supervision and control is necessary for good governance by a fiduciary. As there is a widespread view that there the execution of the work by a fiduciary cannot be judged by just shareholder value, the voting of the shareholder in company's general meetings is made compulsory for institutional investors. This makes the beneficiaries (shareholders) as the owners of

Sustainable Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Aviation - Essay Example The fuel used for the aircrafts like kerosene and others are often complained of emitting harmful gases like Nitrogen Dioxide into the atmosphere thus leading to an increase of air pollution in and around the regions surrounding the airports. It was however found that reduction of the combustion capacity of the engines led to the increased emission of Greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide into the air. Scientists and environmentalists around the world are endeavouring to find means for deriving a sustainable fuel source for the aircraft engines which in turn would reduce the atmospheric pollution (Azapagic and Perdan, 2011, Ch. 15). However it is often held that the endeavour to produce a sustainable fuel for the aeroplanes is not feasible in the technical and ethical sense. It is observed that most of the efforts conducted to produce a sustainable fuel often does not confirm the carbon footprint test and also happens to render increased stress on the engines thus hampering its produc tivity (Daggett et al., 2007, p.1). Hence the above efforts to produce a sustainable aircraft fuel suffer from lack of technical and ethical feasibility. Sustainable Fuel for Aircraft Engines The term sustainability refers to protecting or sustaining the environment in order to meet the needs of the present population without compromising on the needs of the future generation. Sustainability thus concerns a holistic network of environmental, social and economic policies aimed at sustaining the scarce resources. These policies must be measureable and again must also be lend for evaluation to help it met the demand of different periods (Wohlmeyer and Quendler, 2002, p.198). 198). Aviation fuel has long depended on products like kerosene to help ignite the motor engines. However the practice is found to have contributed largely to the polluting of the atmosphere through the emission of large volumes of nitrogen dioxide. Thus to reduce the content of greenhouses gases and other harmful gases into the atmosphere the need for a sustainable fuel resource is greatly emphasized. Research unto generating a feasible sustainable fuel for the aeroplanes is under process with introduction of fuels generated from biomass or fuelling of liquid hydrogen into the air engines. The research of generating a sustainable fuel source for aircraft engines is gaining patronage from many nations owing to its help in protection of fossil resources and the atmosphere from being polluted (Evans, 2007, p.162). Sustainable fuel generation for aircraft engines appears to be the new challenge for it signifies taking resort to alternative sources of fuel other than that related to diesel, petrol and kerosene. Production of alternative sources of fuel can be conducted through the use of biomasses derived from large amounts of bio waste products and algae masses. Again use of liquid hydrogen and other cryogenic materials like use of ethane and methane gases in the liquid state is also being recommended for the fuel generation of aircraft engines. Thus the use of considerable amount of biomass and cryogenic liquids for the production of aircraft engine fuel is considered a sustainable means for generation of aircraft fuel. Use of such energy resources are observed to help in reducing the combustion temperature of the engines which in turn led to the production of low or no amounts of carbon dioxide. Further research is enabled to derive natural gases from both natural bio mass and other synthetic sources with also enhancing the dependence on gases like Ethane derived from natural gases for production of sustainable fuel for aircraft engines (Daggett et al., 2007 , p.1). Technical and Ethical Feasibility of Efforts in Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel The current

Linear Programming essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Linear Programming - Essay Example The applications of linear programming span providing solutions to problems involving economics, computer science, and practically any other industry that requires a production schedule or an actual scheduling process. Moreover, the optimizing feature of linear programming makes it a necessity for people in the management circle to be familiar with. Simplex algorithm A linear programming model is typically solved using a simplex algorithm, or sometimes also referred to as the linear solver (Powell & Baker, 2010). The simplex algorithm involves a series of steps which employs the use of slack and basic variables to change the inequality constraints to equations so that the derived system of equations may be solved to find a feasible solution area. The extreme points of this feasible solution area are then tested by plugging them in to the objective function in order to find out which gives the optimal solution (Singiresu, 2009). Linear Programming Models There are a number of models t hat may be used to generate the solution to a linear programming model. ... Such models are generally used in manufacturing companies or supply chain networks. Another kind of linear programming model involves the blending of a number of resources to produce desired results, hence the term blending model (Baker, 2011). A typical example of this model is the â€Å"diet problem† wherein one aims to find the optimum mix of food products that will produce the maximum nutritional value. The covering model of linear programming is quite different from the first two models in such that it aims to minimize the objective function and is presented with â€Å"greater than constraints† (Powell & Baker, 2010, p. 79). This model is commonly used when minimizing a cost function and requiring the contributions to be greater than a particular value. Finally, the network model is quite unique in nature as it â€Å"describes configurations of flow in a connected system† (Baker, 2011, p. 71). Typically, a network model would require the use of a diagram whi ch aids in the finding of the optimal solution of a given problem. In all these types of linear programming models, spreadsheets may be used to provide assistance in finding the optimal solution. Excel has a built in Solver application which allows the user to simply input the coefficients of the objective function and constraints, and automatically generates values for the feasible region and the corresponding optimal solution. Sensitivity Analysis It should be noted that the task is not yet done when the optimal solution is found. It is also necessary to conduct a corresponding sensitivity analysis on the solution generated. Sensitivity analysis provides information on how instantaneous changes in the parameters of the problem would affect the optimal solution

Banned Pesticides by US Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Banned Pesticides by US Companies - Essay Example Because of ban, companies have resorted to selling their products in cheaper prices and dumping them in developing countries in order to flush-out their existing big stocks. In North, the Government had put a ban on the pesticide called â€Å"Methyl bromide† because of being health hazards and harmful effects to the ozone layer. In spite of being aware of its hazardous effects, it was being openly sold especially in third world countries. Eddleston, M. et al. (2002) examined, â€Å"In 1985, the UN Food and agriculture Organisation (FAO) produced a voluntary code of conduct for the pesticide industry in an attempt to limit the harmful effects of pesticides. Unfortunately, a lack of adequate government resources in the developing world makes this code ineffective, and thousands of deaths continue today.† Redmond, D. (2002) stated, â€Å"The United States is one of the largest exporters of pesticides in the world. Many of the pesticides are so dangerous that they are banned for use in the United States. There is no doubt that the use of these pesticides in the third world countries where they are exported is devastating. "But we are victims too. Pesticide exports create a circle of poison" by returning to the United States in the food we import.† Machipisa, L. (1995) quoted in his article, "If we have stocks we should destroy them. It is wrong to go and create a problem in the South when we in the North do not think it is good for us," said Herren. "One should look for alternatives before and not dump it, because it will lead its abuse.† In conclusion, I would appeal the Companies, involved in this abusive business, to please stop playing with human lives for the sake of few dollars.

Political Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Political Studies - Essay Example he significance that such an analysis holds from the American political standpoint is of course a greater and more complete understanding of how different legislative political bodies gain and lose influence over time. Just as with the United States Congress merely 100 years ago, the amount of power it held was highly disproportional to the position it currently occupies. In this way, viewing a small period of time such as the one that has been displayed within the ebb and flow of the power dynamics of the House of Lords helps the researcher to understand the causal mechanisms that seek to exacerbate and/or weaken political structures over time (MacLean 47). Similarly, as in the case that the author relates, the resulting power structures necessitated changes of their own as a means to seek to incorporate this new and differentiated power into the governmental structure that already existed. In this way, the researcher can note that a change was necessitated not only within the House of Lords as a function of how it saw its role within the structure of governance but also with the remainder of the government as it sought to rapidly integrate and differentiate this altered entity into the power structure that currently existed. In this way, it becomes obvious that regardless of the individual gains and losses that key structures make within the political composition of a given nation (to include the United States), the remainder of the actors will necessarily rapidly seek to accommodate such a change and work to carve out a different power structure and dynamic from the changes that have taken place. 2. Your own argument in reference to whether you agree with the author’s conclusion or not, and why. This argument must be backed up by significant content. This means all assertions and statements that are made in your paper need to be backed up by detailed explanations, quotes, and/or statistics. The author begins by laying out a series of reasons for why the

Reaction paper about a video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction paper about a video - Essay Example ng of age† story and parallelized to the coming of age of America at a time when so much turmoil, fear and emotionalism was being experienced by the nation. I know that this would appeal to audiences young and old alike because of its multiple features – style and creativity which may appeal to the youth and historical facts and intrigues that may captivate the older members of the audience. The character of Andrew Jackson was an enigma that was slowly demystified throughout the show. First packaged as a democratic president who always yielded to the will of the people, the interview in the video revealed that in reality he was a â€Å"decider† who was known for ousting Native Americans from their homes to â€Å"cleanse† the race. For conservative viewers, the play may be seen as too controversial due to the bold depiction of the story, but for the more modern thinkers, it may be seen as a liberating experience. The director was successful in bringing out hushed opinions in an acceptable way. An example is the tackling of â€Å"backroom deals† of the president through song and dance. The play made me think deeper into my own views of democracy and leadership, and has led me to believe that like in all things, a perfect balance needs to be achieved no matter how difficult it may seem to be especially if a multitude of people is affected by my

Global Promotional Strategies Essay Example for Free

Global Promotional Strategies Essay The global companies try to achieve a strategic position on each market they are present in. To reach that goal, companies need to differentiate the products from competitors, while holding the costs of market communication activities at lowest level. Also global companies have to make an effort to sustain advertising campaign in all the markets in which there are present, because wherever they live people tend to react positively to companies and products they know about. In this point, global promoting strategies help brand familiarity, which plays an important role in the market. Global promotion strategies can use a standardized theme globally, but may have to make adjustments for language or cultural differences. Advantages: -Adaptation: Fully adapting an advertising message for local markets. Changes may have to be made due to media availability. -They have a high level of coordination of its market communication. -The companies can modify products for different countries. Also new products are designed for foreign markets. -To incorporate all the differences into one product design and introduce a global product. -Standardization provides benefit such as cost saving in production and marketing. Disadvantages: -It can cause communication issue based on verbal, pictorial, symbolic, idiomatic languages. -The product gives the consumer an identity so they can put the consumer in bad situations, if the products have a problem. -Cultural differences have to realize by the companies before entering the market. For example, when Barbie doll imported to China, consumer did not even buy one. Barbie was not related with Chinese appear, that is why kids did not want to play t with Barbie. After that, the company made new Barbie just looked like Chinese people; at that point they got consumer interest. In conclusion, global promotions strategies are your weapon in this economy and it is up to you to use them for your benefits or failure.

Cooperative Movement in India | Development

Cooperative Movement in India | Development Introduction In the todays growing world Co-operatives do activities for the development of agriculture, small industry marketingandprocessing, distribution and supplies. The progress report of co-operatives in the State is very good and contribution to agricultural progress has particularly been significant. For the purpose of Green Revolution, these Co-operatives introduced various schemes for the conversion of villages into towns and also the construction of go downs. The Co-operative Movement was introduced into India by the Government to overcome the burden of debt of farmers and they can sell their products easily and can get the maximum profit. The Co-operative Credit Societies Act, 1904 was passed by the Governmentof India and rural credit societies were formed. Through the appointment of registrars and through vigorous propaganda, the Government attempted to popularize the Movement in the rural areas. Within a short period, the Government realized some of the shortcomings of the 1904 Act and, therefore, passed a more comprehensive Act, known as theCo-operative Societies Act of 1912. This Act recognized non-credit societies also. But the rural credit societies have continued to be predominant till now. Agricultural Credit/Service Societies The structure of Agricultural Co-operative credit in the Punjab State is divided into two sectors i.e. Dealing with the short-terms and medium-terms finance and the other with the long-term credit. The short-term and medium-term credit structure is based on a three-tier system i.e. the Apex Co-operative Bank at the State level, the Central Co-operative Bank at the district level and the Primary Agricultural Credit Societies at the village level. The major role of these services which is provided to the farmers is to make the funds available to the farmers for their agriculture production, for the purchase of machinery, fertilizers etc. Type of societies Co-operative Weavers society Co-operative Consumers Societies Co-operative Housing Societies Co-operative Womens Societies Co-operative Milk-Societies Problems for Co-operatives Lack of supervision leads to the misuse of the financial resources. Lack of inspection by Registrar Government is hesitating to entrust any important government work since it does not have any participation. The Co-operative Banks and other important institutions are located far away from the reach of the farmers. NABARD and RBI are not agreeing for conversion of Central and Urban Co-operative Banks. R.B.I. has also objection about the use of word Co-operative since Banking Regulation Act uses the word Co-operative Society. Wrong persons may take advantage of the situation to cheat the general public. When the Government are exploring the possibility of regulating the Non-governmental organizations having vast experience, it is doubtful as to whether the mutually aided Co-operatives in various field can give desired result. Introduction to NABARD NABARD is set up by the Government of India as a development bank for facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture and integrated rural development. It also helps in all other economic activities in rural areas, promoting sustainable rural development and for the prosperity of the rural areas. With a capital base of Rs 2,000 crore provided by the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India, it operates through its head office at Mumbai, 28 regional offices situated in state capitals and 391 district offices at districts. Present Scenario Initiates measures toward institution-building for improving absorptive capacity of the credit delivery system, including monitoring, formulation of rehabilitation schemes, restructuring of credit institutions, training of personnel, etc. Coordinates the rural financing activities of all the institutions engaged in developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with the government of India , State governments, the Reserve Bank of India and other national level institutions concerned with policy formulation Prepares, on annual basis, rural credit plans for all the districts in the country. These plans form the base for annual credit plans of all rural financial institutions Undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it Promotes research in the fields of rural banking, agriculture and rural development Functions as a regulatory authority, supervising, monitoring and guiding cooperative banks and regional rural banks Role and Functions COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT FUND (CDF) In pursuance with the recommendations of the Parliamentary Committee on Agriculture, Cooperative Development Fund was constituted by NABARD in the year 1992-93 under the provisions of Section 45 of NABARD Act, 1981 with a view to strengthening and providing assistance to Co-operative Credit Institutions for improving their infrastructural facilities. The initial Corpus of the Fund was Rs.10 crore which was subsequently raised to Rs.75 crore. The cumulative assistance sanctioned to cooperative institutions from the Fund for various purposes unto 31 March 2007 amounted to Rs.76.35 crore against which Rs.67.66 crore has been disbursed. National Conference of Urban Credit Cooperative Societies Saturday, 22 April, 2006, Pune (Talking Points) Dignitaries on the dais, Ladies and Gentlemen, The Cooperative Movement in India has contributed to the rural development of the country. Though the movement has developed in different States of the country not in the uniform manner, some of the States like Maharashtra, Gujrath, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh have shown tremendous growth of the Cooperative Movement in these States. The cooperatives were considered as the balancing force between the private sector and the public sector. The advantages of the private sector and the public sector could be very well achieved through the cooperative sector and the disadvantages associated with the private sector and the public sector could be eliminated in the cooperative sector. The societies, which were promoted by the leadership having vision and who managed these cooperatives well, have become successful; whereas the cooperative societies, which suffered from the lack of dynamic leadership were mismanaged and these cooperative societies became failure. Maharashtra State is one of those States in our country, which can boast of claiming that the cooperatives in the State are managed by the elected representatives by the members and the elections do take place regularly except in few cases where there are problems of mismanagement. Out of the total number of 1.75 lakhs cooperative societies in Maharashtra there are hardly few hundred cooperative societies, where the administrators are functioning. This shows the Cooperative Movement in Maharashtra is functioning purely on democratic principles. The Cooperative Movement in Maharashtra has made tremendous progress during the last 45 years. The number of societies in 1960 was hardly 30,000 in 1960, which has gone upto 1.75 lakhs in 2005. The number of membership of all these societies increased from 42 lakhs in 1960 to almost nearing 5 crores in 2005, whereas the members capital was only 53 crores in 1960, which has increased to around 13,000 crores in 2005. Though the figures indicate that the cooperatives have made tremendous progress in Maharashtra some of the sectors in cooperatives have been highly successful, whereas some of the sectors could not make any success. The examples of successful societies are found in large number in the areas of Cooperative Sugar Factories, Dairy Cooperatives, Urban Banking, whereas almost 50% of the Primary Agricultural Credit Coop. Societies and 50% of the District Central Cooperative Banks are in a very bad financial position. The Agro Processing Cooperatives also could not make any progress, though there is a tremendous potential for these cooperatives, considering the huge production of the fruits and vegetables (production of fruits is about 100 lakh tonnes and that of vegetables is around 50 lakhs tonnes, which is likely to be doubled in the next 5 years) as well as other agricultural produce in Maharashtra. The Government of Maharashtra has recently passed various amendments in the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1963, on the lines of Model Act prepared by the Govt. of India and has introduced the provisions for establishment of Private Markets, Farmer Consumers Markets, Direct Marketing, Single Licence for the Traders and the Contract Farming. These amendments will have very good effect on the growth of agro-processing sector, exports of fruits and vegetables and value added produce from agriculture and the development of retail chain management, as these sectors will be able to source the requirement of their produce directly from the farmers. This will also have good impact on large private investment coming in to agricultural sector, development of infrastructure like pre-cooling units, cold storages, cold chain for transportation of perishable produce, putting up of the processing industries etc. The employment generation in agriculture and allied sectors will also be improved. It is envisaged that because of these changes the overall economy will grow and the farmers will get better returns for their produce. This will also have the positive effect on quality and productivity improvement in agriculture. Besides 20,000 Primary Agricultural Credit Coop. Societies, 34 District Central Cooperative Banks and the Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank, there are about 25,000 Urban Cooperative Credit Societies in Maharashtra. While the Primary Agricultural Credit Cooperative Societies give loans to the farmers for agriculture and for crop production, the urban credit societies cater to the needs of the urban population, particularly to meet their requirements of credit for consumer articles. The total membership of these societies is around 1.10 crores. The share capital of these societies is around Rs.3,500 crore and their own funds amounting to Rs.5700 crore. The deposits of these societies are around Rs.10,000 crore and they have given loans of about Rs.15,000 crore. The working capital of these societies is around Rs.25,000 crore. The cooperative credit sector is operating in both Urban and Rural areas. The Urban credit societies cater to the needs, primarily, of the urban population. It also caters to the household needs of the rural population. Recently the urban cooperative credit societies in rural areas have started financing the agricultural needs of farmers. This effort was initiated and promoted by the Government by issuing the Govt. Resolution on 22.12.2005. The loans to the tune of about Rs.15,000 crore to 1.12 crore member itself speaks of volume of work of these cooperative credit societies, who necessarily reach the urban and rural masses. The presence of credit societies in the vicinity provides confidence of easy availability of funds, to both urban and rural masses. The credit societies are now intending to diversify by extending their  services such as cash transfers and other permitted banking operations. The credit societies Federation is trying to play a prominent role to have joint venture operations along with the similar international organisations. The State Federation of Urban Credit Societies in Maharashtra has decided to extend the insurance to the Depositors of Urban Credit Societies, by forming their own Deposit Insurance Scheme. This is a unique revolutionary decision and it will go a long way in building confidence of the depositors in these societies. There are 2,106 Urban cooperative Banks in the country having deposits of Rs.1.10 lakh crore. Out of these, there are nearly 650 Urban Cooperative Banks in Maharashtra, having the total deposits of Rs. 65,000 crore. The Urban cooperative Banks are also catering to both the rural and urban population. The huge membership base available for both the urban cooperative banks and cooperative credit societies must be utilized for the ultimate upliftment of both the members and the organizations. This base can be utilized as channels both forward and backward in respect of different managerial aspects such as marketing, distribution, services etc. For achieving this, both these organizations should have integrated approach in functioning and their policy framing like Rates of Interest on deposits, Rates of Interest on loans etc. It is necessary that borrowers get loans at reasonable rate of interest so that any business becomes viable and borrower is able to repay loans. The financial involvement of both the urban and rural masses in the  cooperative credit societies by way of deposits always demanded its safety. The involvement of Insurance Agencies was well solicited. However, the effort in this direction was uniquely made by the Maharashtra State Cooperative Deposit Guarantee Corporation which happens to be a cooperative society. It has to go a long way but a good start has been made to cover up 70 credit societies guarantying their deposits up to the limit of Rs.50,000/-. The consolidated effort to qualitatively strengthen the organisation and increase its scope is the need of this hour. The cooperative credit societies are facing innumerable problems some of them can be listed as follows. Accepting deposits at higher rate from depositors Huge expenses on administration. Lack of management skill Lack of training and education to the employees and Board of Directors Poor performance in recovery Loans are sanctioned without proper scrutiny These problems needs to be addressed by all the concerned with the focus on the overall quality to be maintained by these cooperative organizations. The cooperatives including the urban credit cooperative societies should function in such a manner that they have the highest operational efficiency and professional management so that they can deliver the desired results to the members and the common man. Unfortunately the professional management and operational efficiency is lacking in many societies. As I have already mentioned earlier the societies, which have been managed efficiently and have been able to serve their members and public in a most desirable manner the example of the cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra is an eye opener to a person who looks at these societies very closely. Out of 200 cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra almost 50% have excellent results whereas 50% of these factories are in problems. Some of the cooperative sugar factories, which are excellently managed could pay almost Rs. 1100 to 1200 per tonne as a sugarcane price, whereas many of the badly managed Cooperative Sugar Factories could not pay even statutory minimum price. For paying the statutory minimum price, these factories are required to borrow from banks by creating short margin and with the Govt. guarantee. The Govt. of India is helping these factories with the package for rehabilitation. Though this is required in the larger interest of the farmers, the sugar factories, which are performing well should also be given incentives by the Govt. of India. Same policy should be applied to the other successful cooperative societies also. The urban cooperative credit societies in the State and in the country must remember that they have to face competition with big Multi-National Banks and the Commercial Banks. These societies should therefore, be vigilant in advancing loans and in no case loans, which cannot be recovered should ever be sanctioned. These societies must adopt the modern management practices including computerization in their working, professional training to their employees and to their members of the Board and should keep their level of functioning very competitive. This only can bring success to these societies. Thank you. Jai Hind .!!! Jai Maharashtra ..!!!! Interpretation: In the above article, the man stress is on using the modern techniques of working, professional training should be given so that they can handle each and every single problem and most important all work should be done thorough computers so that the commitment of errors should be minimum. Whatever the loans provided to the farmers, the record of that and the documents should be maintained properly so that it will be easy for the working of the employees as well as for the farmers to know every single point. With this proper documentation recovery department can easily comes to know about the person from they have to collect the particular amount. Proper education training should be given so that the employees can give their 100% to the work and they should no charge higher rate for accepting the deposits. The loans which will be given to the farmers should be given after the enquiry of that particular person that whether the person really need the loan and the information he is provid ing is true or not. AGRO-INPUTS DISTRIBUTION IN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES R.C.Gupta Agricultural Cooperatives in India are very actively and intimately involved in several agriculture related activities. The most important activities are the disbursement of production credit and distribution of fertilisers and other inputs viz seeds, pesticides and agricultural implements. Agricultural Cooperatives are also involved in procurement of farm produce, processing and marketing of oilseeds, Cotton, sugar, milk and milk products, distribution of essential commodities, clothes, kerosene oil and merchandise etc. Coop. movement in India started way back in 1905. Till 1939, Agricultural Cooperatives in India were distributing only the credit to the farmers. Its activities got diversified to consumer articles and also some agricultural inputs in the rural areas over a period of time. Subsequently, based on the suggestions made by different committees and commissions, the cooperatives were given a significant role in distribution of fertilisers. Currently, cooperatives are playi ng a significant role both in production and marketing of fertilisers. Cooperatives Role in Agricultural Credit Disbursement Cooperatives play a very important role in disbursement of agricultural credit. Credit is needed both by the distribution channel as well as by the farmers. The distribution channel needs it to finance the fertiliser business and farmers need it for meeting various needs for agricultural production including purchasing fertilisers. The credit needed by the farmers for purchase of fertilisers and other inputs is called ‘short term credit or ‘production credit whereas credit needed by the distribution channel is called ‘Distribution Credit. Cooperatives also play a very important role in disbursement of ‘Medium Term and ‘Long Term credit needed by the farmers for purchasing agricultural equipments viz tractors, installation of tubewells and land development  works etc. ‘ Joint General Manager(Marketing), IFFCO, 53-54, Nehru Place, New Delhi -110019 Paper presented at 13th ICA-Japan Training Course on â€Å"Strengthening Management of Agricultural Cooperatives in Asia† 1988-99 at FMDI, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, on Jan 21, 1999 In India, 78 per cent of the farmers belong to the category of small and marginal farmers. They depend heavily on credit for their agricultural operations. These farmers will not be able to adopt the modern agricultural practices unless they are supported by a system which ensures adequate and timely availability of credit on reasonable terms and conditions. Credit in India is made available to the farmers through a multi-agency network consisting of cooperatives, commercial banks and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs). However, cooperatives accounts for a large proportion of the agricultural credit made available to the farmers. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was established in the year 1982 by an Act of Parliament and was entrusted will all matters concerning policy, planning and operation in the field of credit for agriculture and other economic activities in the rural areas. Before that, this job was being done by Reserve Bank of India itself. NABARD works for progressive institutionalization of the rural credit and ensures that the demands for credit from agriculture including the new and upcoming areas like floriculture, tissue culture, bio-fertilisers, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation etc. are met. The medium and long term of loans are disbursed to the farmers through Primary Land Develo pment Banks (757) who draw their finances from Central Land Development Banks (20) who in turn draw their finances from NABARD. As for the short term credit, this is disbursed to the farmers through Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS-66,200) who draw their finances from Central Cooperative Banks (363) who in turn draw their finances from the State Cooperative Banks (29). The State Cooperative Banks draw their finances from NABARD. Cooperatives Role in Fertiliser Distribution: Introduction Agriculture continues to be the mainstay of Indias national economy. Its contribution to Indias Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is about 30 per cent. Nearly two thirds of the population still depends on this sector directly or indirectly. Self-sufficiency in foodgrains has been the basic objective of Indias policy on agriculture. Foodgrain production has increased from the level of 52 thousand tonnes in 1951-52 to 199 million tonnes in 1996-97. However, the foodgrain production declined to 193 million tonnes in 1997-98. The present population of the country is about 960 million and is likely to touch 1000 million by the turn of this century. To feed this level of population, India has to produce 208 million tonnes of foodgrains from the present level of 193 million tonnes which is, no doubt, a gigantic task The vital role of fertilisers in increasing agricultural production is well recognised. Since, the land man ratio is declining due to increasing population, the additional foodgrain production has to come by increasing the productivity of land under cultivation. Adoption of modern agricultural practices is the only way for increasing agricultural productivity. This calls for application of inputs like chemical fertilisers, high yielding seeds and pesticides besides use of mechanical equipments like seed-cum-fertilizer drills, sprayers, pump sets etc. Chemical fertilisers are very costly, particularly the phosphatic and potassic ones which have been decontrolled w.e.f 25th August, 1992. Urea, of course, is relatively low priced due to grant of subsidy by GOI. However, unless balanced nutrients are applied, the productivity cannot be sustained. Fertilizer Distribution Channels Fertilizers are produced/ imported at about 200 locations in the country and distributed to the farmers scattered through the length and breadth of the country in about 600,000 villages through a network comprising of private and institutional channels. Some quantities are also made available through manufacturers own outlets. Private trade accounts for about 60 per cent of the total fertilisers distributed in the country followed by institutional agencies at 35 per cent and remaining 5 percent through the manufacturers own outlets. Among the institutional agencies, cooperatives are the main agency which alone account for nearly 30% of the total fertiliser business. The total number of fertiliser salepoints in the country is 262,000; out of which about 71,000 (27%) are institutional agencies salepoints (mainly cooperatives) and the remaining 1,91,000 (73 %) are controlled by the private trade. Cooperative Channels Cooperatives are the main institutional agency in the country handling fertilizers. Cooperative network, at present, comprises of 29 state level marketing federations, 171 district level marketing societies and about 66,200 village level cooperative societies. These village level cooperative societies are generally called Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS). These societies are the backbone of the cooperative marketing system. These societies are well spread in the entire country covering 97 % of the 0.6 million villages and 95 % of the farming families. The other main institutional agencies engaged in the distribution of fertilizers are State Agro-Industries Development Corporations, Commodity Federations and State Departments of Agriculture etc. They operate both through their own sale depots as well as through the private dealers network. However, their share is only marginal. The cooperative structure differs from state to state and societies at different levels (distric t/taluka/village) perform different functions in different states. Generally, the cooperative network operates through a 3 tier system. However, in some states such as Haryana, the cooperative marketing system operates on 2 tier basis, while in some others like Gujarat a 4 tier system exists. At the state level, Apex Cooperative Marketing Federations act as wholesalers; marketing societies at district/taluka level as sub-wholesalers while PACS, PAMS (Primary Agricultural Marketing Societies) at grass root level act as retailers. The function of State level Apex Cooperative Marketing Federations differ from state to state. In some states, the Federations are actively involved in fertiliser business like Gujarat, Haryana, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh etc. and they act as the wholesalers for the entire State. In some States like Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), they are not directly involved in the fertiliser business and do the job of liaison and coordination only for which they are getting servi ce charges from the fertiliser suppliers. In U.P. , the State Federation is also doing warehousing as well as transportation job both for IFFCO and KRIBHCO (The only manufacturers in the cooperative sector). In the States where Federation is not involved in fertiliser business, the manufacturers are supplying fertilizers directly to the lower societies at the district/village level and the societies are getting full or near full distribution margin which has improved the financial health of these societies. Current Cooperative Fertilizer Distribution Status Presently, in Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, J K, H.P. and Assam, in the cooperative sector, fertiliser supplies are made to the Apex Coop. Marketing Federations only and they act as wholesalers. Direct supplies are not there at all. Only small quantities under the special scheme like IFFCO-NCDC scheme in Haryana and IFFCO societies adoption programme in M.P. are supplied directly to the societies. In these states district level societies operate as sub-wholesalers. In the states like Punjab, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa A.P. and Kerala, both the systems i.e. supply through federation as well as direct supply to the societies are prevalent. As a result, some of the societies at the lower levels are getting supplies directly from the manufacturers while others are getting from the Federations. However, in the states of U.P. and Bihar, supplies of fertilisers are made to the village level societies directly by the manufacturers. In states where state level federations act as wholesalers, the manufacturer has to deal with only one agency. Consequently, the job of sales planning, movement and stocks planning, realisation of sales proceeds etc. becomes very easy. In states where manufacturer deals with the lower tier cooperatives directly, the volume of work increases many fold and it becomes much more complex. The material has to be released to individual societies and the sales proceeds realisation has also to be done at that level only. This requires deployment of larger field force. Decentralised release system leads to establishing larger number of warehouses and correspondingly larger inventory. This all increases the operating cost. Manufacturers Own Outlets Some manufacturers viz. IFFCO, KRIBHCO, GSFC, GNFC and NFL have their own retail outlets called Farmers Service Centres or Service Centres or Farm Information Centres etc. In these outlets, agricultural inputs like fertilisers, seeds, agro-chemicals and agricultural implements etc. are made available to the farmers under one roof along with agricultural production technology literature. The main motto of these service centres is not only to provide all quality agro-inputs to the farmers but also educating them on scientific agricultural by providing technical know how in the field of agriculture. This help the farmers in increasing their agricultural p roductivity and profitability. Promotion activities are also carried out in the villages located around these centres ( within radius of 8-10 kms) which includes demonstrations, farmers meetings, soil test campaigns, crop seminars etc. In addition, social campaigns like tree plantations, medical check-up, veterinary check up etc. are also organized. They also serve the purpose additional/alternative distribution channel for the organization. A graphical presentation of fertilizer distribution channels in India the cooperatives and the private trade is given at Annexure- I. Linkage in disbursement of Production Credit and Agro-Input Distribution As already mentioned elsewhere in this paper a large number of farmers in India particularly the small and marginal farmers depend upon credit for purchase of fertilizers and other inputs. A very strong point with the cooperative is that the Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) which are involved in disbursement of agro-inputs Interpretation: Agricultural Cooperatives in India are the backbone of the cooperative system and involved in variety of function and serving the rural masses by providing credit, fertilizers, seeds, Agro-Chemicals, Agriculture Implements etc. Their role has been commendable and helped in making essential inputs availability to the rural masses. These need to be further strengthened. Conclusion: In the end we can say that these Co-operative societies plays a vital role in the growth of the rural areas as well as the growth of the Economy of the Country. These societies helps in the development of the farmers by providing funds to them for the irrigation purpose and also provide new machines for the farming so that they can produce maximum in the minimum time period and of the best quality and also they helps them in earning the good value of their produced products. Bibliography Websites: http://agriculture.indiabizclub.com/info/agriculture_cooperatives http://www.nabard.org/nabardrolefunct/nabardrolefunctions.asp http://www.nabard.org/nabardrolefunct/cooperativedevelopmentfund.asp http://www.nabard.org/developmentpromotional/developmentalinitiatives.asp http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/chiefminister/ccs.pdf http://www.iffco.nic.in/applications/Brihaspat.nsf/d111b7bb8d3d76bbe525656f00324885/ca039309da93bec0e5256778003cf811/$FILE/rcgica.pdf

Finishing Techniques for Leather

Finishing Techniques for Leather Summery These papers make a brief clarification of some of the finishing technique which is to applied to two finishing procedure and clarification for full grain aniline leather finish and a full grain pigmented leather finish the material to be used in it and whey to apply such material for such both finishing type . also an observation on the needs for the finish for the leather . also a describe for the difference between the pigment and the dyes from their origin and behavior and other points of study for them . and after that an investigation about the organic and the inorganic pigment and the difference between them . plus a brief explanation about the comparison between cationic and ionic dyestuffs. more a study about two formulation for shoe upper finish for aniline and pigmented full grain leather plus study for the material to be applied for them . then end with product understanding from stahl mentioning their use and needs in the finish formulation and monitoring their behavior. Introduction Finishing The term finishing is applied in the leather industries to help enhance the properties and the appearance of the final piece of the leather its gives the leather more enhanced color and remove defaults that could be caused through the leather operation or a nature defect. The piece of leather is enhanced by treating it with dyestuff solutions, pigments, preparations, top coating then it enters he mechanical treatment in terms of plating. The basic rule in the leather finishing is the fewer blemishes on the raw hide The less finish has to be applied. The more grain layers is damaged layer is damaged, the more coats the leather required to replace The natural grain. Also the purpose of finishing is to provide different types of leather with special characteristics satisfy the requirement markets, The processes of finishing the leather give the leather upgrading of the following characteristics such as Color , brightness , matting , feel , softness , print pattern , water resistance and more . Part 1 Dyes and pigments Both dyes and pigments are powerful colorants material used to color other substances Pigments Pigments are the special type of dyeing material for wet processing technology. Pigment can also be define as a water insoluble coloring material and a coloring substance that makes the color of the product look different because of its absorption of certain wavelengths . dyes Dyes are substances found naturally and also made synthetically too . Dyes have the ability to change the color of the leather and material which they are applied. In earlier times, most of the dyes were obtained from plant sources , roots ,wood , stem bark and plants leaves . also in the 19th century synthetic dyes were produced and since then many of synthetic dyes have been produced . Special needs for the dyes in the surface coating where a high level of transparency is required, Dyes vs pigments Organic and inorganic pigments . The difference between organic pigments and inorganic pigment are based upon some principle factors. Such as Molecular structure of the pigments Carbon chains or carbon rings are always presented in the molecules of the organic pigments. But in the molecules of the inorganic pigments , the cations of metal are found in an array from the non-metalic anions . which with this arrangement does not allow these pigment to dissolve in the solvent . Source of pigments the main source of organic pigment are plants and plant products. The inorganic pigment are manufactured from topical cosmetic and dirt . Inorganic pigment are non-ferrous metal oxides , or some metal insoluble metal salts . Main difference between inorganic pigment and organic pigment Cationic and ionic dyes . Anionic dyes have a negative charge and attached to cationic surfaces, Cationic dyes have a positive charge and attached to anionic surfaces, The cationic dyes react with anionic sites on the surface of the substrate, the cationic produce a bright shades. The solubility of these dyes is very good in water in the presence of glacial acetic acid . Both anionic and cationic dyes have poor levelling properties . Part 2 One can ask the question. Why are there so many different types of leather ? simple answer is its all down to cost . The tanner should have the experience to sort and select the leather after the chrome tanning to forward each type leather batch selected and sorted to its category end use type product . The tanner forward the sorted chrome leather batches to the retanning and dying process. Such sorting is done according to the hide size, grain condition, surface grades , extra†¦ When it comes to finish the leather. The tanner already sort the leather in previous states So he knows what is he going to do with such sorted leather to apply the required finish to it . Almost all types of hides and skins can be finished . The final uses of the different leather leads to the type of the finishing to be applied . Type of the finish the tanner choose depend on the appearance he want sell his leather with it . Among of the types of finishing types of leather is. a – Aniline finish ( full grain aniline leather finish ) Aniline leather is the most natural looking leather with the unique surface characteristics of the hide remaining visible . To get such aniline leather you need to apply what’s called â€Å" aniline finish â€Å" Leather with an aniline finish is colored with dyestuffs only which means no opaque finish ie transparent finish so that the original grain surface can be seen through. Another transparent top coat can be applied to give bright finish and water repellent surface . Aniline finished leather has excellent tooling , polishing , and redyeing properties . B – Pigment leather finish ( full grain pigmented leather finish ) Such pigmented finish contains no aniline dyestuffs . the dyestuffs are all replaced with an opaque inorganic pigment , such mixture is bound together using a small amount of casein and a use of a binder ( mostely is thermoplastics type ) to form a continuous film , resulting in a more level finish and better coverage of the finish skin . The presence of such small amount of casein contained in the finish ensures the leather does not become sticky . After the leather is finally coated with a matt or bright water based lacquer emulsion to enable sealing the finish to give certain amount of resistance to wet , dry rubbing . Full grain aniline finish vs full grain pigmented finish

Political Views Essay -- Politics Government Ideologies Essays

Political Views â€Å"Which political side are you on?† You probably heard this question before and said you really didn’t know. I really didn’t know what political side I was on before I did some research on the three major political philosophies; Liberalism, Libertarianism, and Conservative. The civic stance I agree with the most is the liberal’s point of view. Liberals protect; individual rights to choose, government programs like Medicaid and welfare that help the needy, and that sex education programs that teach safe sex and prevent teen pregnancy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The liberal philosophy is the one I agree with the most. Liberals believe that the federal government should protect individual liberties and promote the general welfare. Contemporary liberalism is rooted in the Declaration of Independence as well as social and economic programs that began in the 1930’s and extended into the 1960’s. Today’s liberal tends to value individual rights and to be wary of restrictions on personal behavior. Equality is very important to liberals. Liberals believe that everyone should be treated equally. Liberals believe that the government shouldn’t control sex or religion, and that women have the right to choose. Liberals protect individual rights for many people and for women they included the right to choose, only a women knows what problems she has to face by bringing a child into this world. Government programs like Medicaid and Welfare afford people the simple rights to feed their...

The Electric Light Orchestra :: essays research papers

The Electric Light Orchestra   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The biggest compliment a band can get is to have another singer write a song about how much they like them, as Randy Newman did in 1979 about ELO with the release of â€Å"‘The Story of a Rock and Roll Band.† In the song he said, â€Å"I love their â€Å"Mr. Blue Sky† Almost my favorite is â€Å"Turn to Stone† And how ‘bout â€Å"Telephone Line†? I love that ELO’† (Wild 5)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The band created in 1971 by Jeff Lynne, Roy Wood, and Bev Bevan used cellos and violins to create a classical sound. Although Roy Wood left shortly after their first record was released. The idea came about when Jeff Lynne said to Roy Wood, â€Å"‘What if we had a band with strings- real strings?’† (Wild 9) They were in The Move at the time and decided to create a band on the side. They called this experimental band The Electric Light Orchestra. â€Å"Of the groups name Lynne remembers, ‘At the time people thought ‘ELO’ was pretty bad. It was like ‘The Electric Light what?’ The name was as wacky as the idea really.’† (Wild 9)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeff Lynn was one of the most important members of the band. He was born on December 30, 1947 in Birmingham in the United Kingdom. Lynne was interested in music while he was still in school. When he was fifteen years his father got him a guitar. Though it was made of plastic and had only one string he practiced it all the time. (Petersdorff 3) Jeff was a big Beatles fan. â€Å"Lynne is asked if he now admits to being a Beatles fan. ‘I confess,’ Lynne says with a laugh. ‘I’m dead guilty of being a Beatles fan.’† (Wild 10)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another founding member of the band was Bev Bevan. He was born Beverly Bevan in Birmingham, U.K. on November 25, 1945. He formed his first professional band, called Denny Lain and the Diplomats, in 1963.He retired from music to become a furniture salesman, but then joined Carl Wayne and the Vikings. He then later joined The Move and helped create ELO. (Petersdorff 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third important member of ELO was Richard Tandy. Tandy was born on March 26, 1948 in Birmingham, U.K. At Moseley Grammar School he had been taught to play bass and guitar. Tandy’s first gig was at Solihull Civic Hall when he was fifteen. He was in many different bands before joining ELO.

Irresponsibility in the Great Gatsby

A responsible marriage is when both sides of the relationship take responsibility for their actions, for one another and most importantly are not having affairs with others. When there is lack of responsibility, things are at risk to be destroyed or lost. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald all of the marriages fail to show any signs of responsibility through their actions. We see three main relationships throughout the novel that fail to act in a responsible manner. Daisy and Tom Buchanan, Tom and Myrtle, and Daisy and Gatsby. Daisy and Tom are both extremely irresponsible. Tom's irresponsible persuasion essentially leads to Myrtle's death. Daisy does not take any responsibility for her actions which lead to Gatsby's death. Tom and Daisy Buchanan's irresponsibility in their relationships ultimately leads to death and destruction, for their own relationship and others. Tom and Daisy Buchanan's marriage is full of irresponsibility, on both sides of the marriage. This leads to chaos between them, and destruction of life. We see Daisy's irresponsible actions during the scandal at the Plaza Hotel. When Tom, Daisy and Gatsby have a vivid argument, Daisy reveals that she † never loved him†. Tom, her husband, asks: â€Å"Not at Kapiolani†, to which she replies: â€Å"No† (F. Scott Fitzgerald pg. 132) This shows that Daisy apparently never loved Tom. Daisy is a irresponsible woman, she is saying that she never loved her husband. If that is the case, then why is she married to Tom in the first place? This is extremely irresponsible . In addition Daisy is also showing her feelings for Gatsby in front of her husband. Daisy quietly says to Gatsby â€Å"You look so cool. Their eyes met and they stared at each other, alone in space. â€Å"You always look so cool,† she repeated. She had told him that she loved him, and Tom Buchanan saw. (F. Scott Fitzgerald pg. 119). This just proves Daisy's irresponsibility. If she had loved Gatsby so deeply, why is she still married to Tom? Daisy is acting as a irresponsible child. She is switching through lover. Daisy is all talk and she shows no responsibility in taking action. If she were responsible, she would choose a man to be with and respect him. Tom Buchanan is a irresponsible man with absolutely no feelings for others. In addition, he is in two relationships, with Daisy and Myrtle Wilson who lives in the dreadful valley of ashes. Throughout the novel Tom misleads Myrtle into believing that one day he would save her from the valley of ashes. However the truth behind Tom's amour for Myrtle is simply sexual pleasure. Myrtle believes that Tom is her ticket to the upper class. When Myrtle's husband, George Wilson, realizes Myrtle has been sleeping around, however he had a dream to leave the valley of ashes with Myrtle. In order for this to happen, he locks Myrtle up. Myrtle breaks free wanting to be with Tom and not in the pigsty of the valley of ashes. She runs out in the middle of the street, and is killed by Daisy. Nevertheless, Tom is ultimately the reason Myrtles dies, because of his irresponsibility. Tom is the reason for Myrtle's death because he leaves Myrtle hanging and is not in contact as much. Myrtle's hopes and dreams were slipping away and she realizes this. In chapter II we see how Tom persuades Myrtle in believing that he cares about her. Tom wants Nick to meet Myrtle. Tom is inviting Myrtle to come to downtown New York. I want to see you,† said Tom intently. â€Å"Get on the next train. † â€Å"Al right† replies Myrtle. â€Å"I'll meet you by the news stand on the lower level. † (Fitzgerald pg. 26) Tom is being a irresponsible man because he is first of all seeing multiple women at the same time. In addition to this, he knows that George loves his wife and still continues to see his wife. Through Tom br inging Myrtle often downtown New York, he manipulates Myrtle in believing he cares for her. However from Tom's point of view he only sees pleasure. When Tom says he would like Nick to meet Myrtle, he shows signs of ownership and care. Myrtle is astonished that such a successful man would want to be with a woman of her class. â€Å"We're getting off,† he insisted. † â€Å"I want you to meet my girl. † (F. Scott Fitzgerald, pg. 24) Tom's behavior is irresponsible for wanting to be with Myrtle only for pleasure. He treats Myrtle as his property and he misleads her in believing that he loves her. Tom wants Myrtle as his property for sexual pleasure, not as a caring and loving partner, Tom actions are irresponsible in seeing only pleasure, without caring about Myrtle who believes being with Tom is her only way out of the valley of ashes. When Myrtle Buchanan is struck by Gatsby's car, she is immediately killed. Since the car is Gatsby's, one would presume Gatsby is the driver. However Gatsby spills the truth out that Daisy was the one driving. Daisy does not take any responsibility for what she has done. She tells nobody, as if nothing had happened. When George Wilson wants revenge over the killer, Gatsby is the one who takes the blame for Daisy's actions. As a result George murders Gatsby in believing he was the one who killed Myrtle. We know this when Gatsby leaks the secret to the crash. How the devil did it happen? † â€Å"Well, I tried to swing the wheel-â€Å"he broke off and suddenly I guessed the truth. â€Å"Was Daisy driving? † â€Å"Yes,† This shows how careless and extremely irresponsible Daisy truly is. She had killed a woman and had acted as if she did not hurt a fly. In addition Daisy is not being a responsible driver, which ultimately leads to crashing into Myrtle and not taking responsibility for what has happened. Daisy truly expresses her irresponsibility, she had not come to Gatsby's funeral and this is the man who she had apparently loved so deeply. Nick realizes how Daisy had not even sent a letter, flowers or any sort of apology for what had happened: â€Å"I could only remember, without resentment, that Daisy hadn't sent a message or a flower. † (Fitzgerald, pg. 174) Daisy's absence at the funeral of the man who she had apparently loved, proves how irresponsible she is. This means she had not loved him so greatly and she only had a obsession with Gatsby. Daisy again is irresponsible since she should have told Gatsby the truth and not act as if she loved him. Throughout the Great Gatsby, all of the relationships are irresponsible, which leads to death and destruction. Three relationships failed tragically: Tom and Daisy, Myrtle and Tom, and Daisy and Gatsby. Tom and Daisy Buchanan are two wealthy people whose minds flow with no responsibility and only money. This leads to destruction and death. Tom's irresponsibility in persuading Myrtle that he was there to help her eventually leads to her death. Daisy's childish and irresponsible actions eventually result in Gatsby's death. Through Tom and Daisy's shortage of responsibility in their many relationships it ultimately caused death and destruction, both to their relationship and others.

Life Before the Internet and After Essay

Life was much more difficult before people had the internet in the home to help them with studying, looking information up, working, and entertainment. Without the internet doing all of that was hard. Things then were slow, a really hard task now could take an hour by internet. Such as contacting Saudi Arabia from U.S take less than 5 minutes, on the other hand it could take a month back then. However, once the internet became available in 1980s. These dreaded tasks became much more manageable and even pleasant by comparison. Life has changed dramatically since the invention of the internet. Before the internet was invented, everything was slow and manual. First of all, how people used to contacting each other. They had to write massages with their own hand writing. Then you have to buy stamps, then go to the post office and leave it there, you have to wait for a replay. All of this fatigue and suffering in order to send a message. Second, reading the newspapers, which is really large to carry with you and exhausting to read with the really small tiny font, and to many pages to cover just to know what happening around the world of news. Third, before the internet if you want to talk to some buddy or see some buddy, you have to meet him because no another way. Fourth, to shop you have to go to the mall and search for what you need in every store ,even if you found it you might not find your size or the color you want. After the internet was invented, life became way easier. First of all, you can send whatever you want and it wouldn’t take even five minutes, and receiving as will and it can include pictures any many other features. Second, reading the news isn’t like how it was now you can surf the internet without any hardship every newspapers have their own website so you can discover the news through it. Third, after the internet was invented you can chat with any buddy worldwide and you can see each other no need to meet in reality and there are many applications and website that allows you to do that even for free!!. Fourth, no need to go shopping everything is available in the internet and no need to worry about sizes and colors, on the other hand some people still prefer to go shopping their selfs. However, internet not just allow you to shop from your country it allows you to shop from stores overseas as will, and if you didn’t like what on the unreal store you can customize whatever you want!. To sum up, life has greatly improved since the invention of the internet. Whereas in the past, people spent a great deal of time to do one off the Previous tasks. Today they can simply do whatever they want in the internet. I have heart that some people still use old fashion instead of using internet. Others, just value the † good old days ‘ and want to keep the tradition alive.

Thesis Titles

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology College of Architecture AR-443 Assignment In Research Method Submitted By: Neonimfa G. Angala Ar-4A Submitted to: Arch. Ofelia M. Bawan Title: VERTICAL HOUSING + SMALL SCALE FARM (hydroponics and aeroponics) Abstract: Agriculture is the main industry of the people because of its naturally rich soil. Lowland crops such as rice, corn, onions, vegetables and sugarcane are produced in great quantities and Nueva Ecija is widely referred to as the Rice Bowl of the country. Agriculture has played a vital role in molding the culture of the people.The typical Novo Ecijano family is tightly knit and is the basic working unit on the farm. Nueva Ecija is one of the top producers of agricultural products in the country. Its principal crops are mainly rice but corn and onion are also produced in quantity. The province is often referred to as the â€Å"Rice Granary of the Philippines. † Other major crops are onion, mango, calamansi (calamondin orange), banana, garlic, and vegetables. The town of Bongabon at the eastern part of the province at the foot of the Sierra Madre Mountains and its neighbouring Laur and Rizal are the major producers of onion and garlic.Bongabon is called the â€Å"onion capital of the country†. A sunflower farm is also housed inside the Central Luzon State University campus in Science City of Munoz. Nowadays in Nueva Ecija most of the farmlands were turn to subdivisions and sometimes commercial buildings and houses. To have a solution to these problems, the purpose of this project is to have a spacious place for dwelling and for farming without losing the farmland in the Nueva Ecija. It also aims to have a land for those people who want to farm exactly inside his property without buying any farmlands. Instead of horizontal widening, it is vertically. Title:How Architects Manage his Time Between God and his Profession. Abstract: Man was designed with a great capacity for God. But sin, which is man’s own individuality, pride and wrong thinking, keeps him from relating to God. Sin is a wrong relationship with God – it is not wrong doing, but wrong being – it is deliberate and stubborn independence from God, triggered by choice and personal insecurity masked as pride. He has the freedom to make choices, but he cannot choose the consequences of his choices. They will turn around and define his circumstances. Spending time for work and for God is hard specially if one choose work over God.The problem is can architects manage to equally spend their time praising God and doing work? How can it change his life if he choose God instead of work? Title: Edutainment: An Eco-Friendly Educational Amusement Park Abstract: Amusement parks  and  theme parks  are terms for a group of  entertainment  attractions,  rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people. An amusement park is more elaborate than a simple city park or  playground, usually providing attractions meant to cater specifically to certain age groups, as well as some that are aimed towards all ages.Theme parks, a specific type of amusement park, are usually much more intricately themed to a certain subject or group of subjects than normal amusement parks. Nowadays some schools hold field trips to amusement parks may be because amusement parks don’t have educational purposes for the students and other spectators. The usual amusement park is just filled with rides and for leisure only. The project aims to be educational at the same time having a great time inside the amusement park for the students and also for young children to learn faster. With great sustainable ways that can help the amusement park to be an eco-friendly.

Cycling Is an Ideal Mode of Transport Essay

With the improvement of living standard, the ownership of cars is increasing because of their convenience and rapid speed. However, some social experts consider that as a form of transport in urban areas, cycling is better than cars, which could combine the means of transport with public health. This essay will argue that cycling is an ideal mode of transport in crowed cities by focusing on the expenditure and environment effects. Firstly, cycling is a convenient and affordable mean of transport. Cyclists do not need to worry about traffic congestion which often appears during rush hour in busy cites. Normally it is believed that commuting by motor vehicles is quicker than by bikes, however, in short distance, cycling may spend a short time which does not include traffic jam and parking. Furthermore, cycling could reduce the cost of living dramatically. With the price of petrol, parking and maintenance increasing, traveling by cars costs more money than by bicycle. Despite the fact that cycling is not available for bad weather, most circumstance is suitable to ride a bike. Therefore, overall cycling is beneficial to the users. In addition to this, another reason to choose cycling is that it is environmental friendly. Compared with cars, cycling does not emit any carbon dioxide to the environment. Motor vehicles have already become the main polluter. If cycling is encouraged, air pollution would be reduced considerably and climate change could be alleviated in the future. Moreover, cycling is an effective way to escape from noise, because noisy pollution in urban centres is caused mainly by cars, which has negative impacts on living quality. As a result, cycling has minimal effects on the environment. In conclusion, cycling is an ideal mean of transport in modern cities as it is cost effective and environmental friendly. Therefore, government should build more implement for cycling such as bike paths and lines to ensure the safety of cyclists, which could encourage more citizens to enjoy cycling.